Lorie Brown, RN, JD – EmpoweredNurses.org
As nurses, we’re hardwired to help. It doesn’t matter if we’re on the clock, in scrubs, or just trying to enjoy a day at the park, we hear a cry for help, and our instinct kicks in. But when you’re off-duty and a medical emergency unfolds in front of you, there’s something else you need to engage before you take action: your judgment.
Because while the heart says, “Do something,” the professional reality whispers, “Be careful.”
The Hidden Risks of Being the Helper
Many nurses are surprised to learn that stepping in to help a stranger in a medical emergency can carry personal and legal risks. Even with the best of intentions, rendering aid in a public setting may open the door to potential liability, licensing issues, or even misunderstood outcomes—especially if the situation spirals or is witnessed through the lens of a smartphone.
Even Good Samaritan laws, which are designed to protect well-meaning individuals who step in during emergencies, vary widely from state to state and may not always fully shield licensed professionals. Some states hold medical professionals to a higher standard of care—even when off-duty.
Real-Life Scenarios
Imagine you’re walking through a shopping mall and someone collapses. You rush to their side. Was it a faint? Cardiac arrest? A diabetic episode? You instinctively begin compressions or reach for a pen to use as an airway. Moments later, EMS arrives—but the family sues, claiming your actions caused harm.
It’s not just fearmongering—it has happened.
Or what if you inject Narcan into someone in a public space because you suspect an opioid overdose… but it turns out they were not overdosing at all?
What Nurses Should Keep in Mind
Here are some important tips to consider before jumping into action:
1. Assess the scene—for safety and legality
If the scene is unsafe (weapons, traffic, or violence), wait for trained responders. Your safety matters first. You’re no good to anyone if you become the second victim.
2. Call 911 immediately
Even if you begin CPR or render basic aid, always ensure emergency services are en route. If nothing else, make sure someone else is calling if your hands are occupied.
3. Identify yourself—but carefully
If you feel compelled to help, state, “I’m a nurse. May I help you?” That gives the bystander or family a choice—and shows you’re not forcing treatment.
4. Stay within your scope and training
Don’t improvise. Stick to the basics: airway, breathing, circulation. Avoid invasive procedures, diagnoses, or medications unless you’re absolutely certain and protected by local law.
5. Document or mentally note your actions
You might be called to explain what happened. Jot down your interventions and the time you provided them as soon as possible after the incident.
6. Know your state’s Good Samaritan laws
Some states fully protect licensed professionals who help in good faith. Others only protect untrained bystanders. Don’t assume you’re covered. If you’re unsure—check.
7. Be aware of the optics
In today’s world, someone may record your actions. What you do, how you speak, and how you manage the scene could be judged not just by attorneys, but by social media.
A Final Word: You Are Still a Nurse—But You’re Also Human
Being a nurse is part of your DNA. You carry it with pride. But when it comes to helping a stranger, you must also be wise. You’re not invincible, and you’re not immune to legal complications. Render aid when you feel safe, supported, and protected—but never out of guilt or pressure.
Sometimes, the best way to help is to direct EMS to the scene, clear the crowd, and offer emotional support until help arrives.
You are a nurse. That means you care deeply. Just be sure to care smartly, too.
